TheworddopingisprobablyfromtheDutchworddopthenameofanalcoholicdrinksmakeofgrapeskinsusedbyZulusoldiersinordertoencouragetheirbraveryinbattle.Thetermbecamecurrentaroundtheturnofthe20thcenturyorigi-我查吗问答

TheworddopingisprobablyfromtheDutchworddopthenameofanalcoholicdrinksmakeofgrapeskinsusedbyZulusoldiersinordertoencouragetheirbraveryinbattle.Thetermbecamecurrentaroundtheturnofthe20thcenturyorigi

更新时间：2024-04-25 23:12:55

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TheworddopingisprobablyfromtheDutchworddopthenameofanalcoholicdrinksmakeofgrapeskinsusedbyZulusoldiersinordertoencouragetheirbraveryinbattle.Thetermbecamecurrentaroundtheturnofthe20thcenturyoriginallyreferringtoillegaldruggingofracehorses.In1928theInternationalAmateurAthleticFederation(IAAF)becamethefirsttobantheuseofdoping.Areliabletestmethodwasfinallyintroducedin1974.

Thepracticeofenhancingathletes’performancethroughforeignsubstanceorotherartificialmeanshoweverisasoldascompetitivesportitself.Themostfamousdopingcaseofthe1980sconcernedBenJohnsonthe100-meterchampionwhotestedpositiveforstanozolol(司坦咗醇)attheOlympicGamesinSeoul1988.

Themainfrontintheanti-dopingwarhasrapidlyshiftedtoblooddopingsince1970s.Blooddopingisthepracticeofaddingredbloodcellstothebloodstreaminordertoimproveathletes’performance.Thebloodisusuallyprocessedinordertocreateaconcentrationofredbloodcellsandthenfreezethemuntilneededfortransfusion(输血)backintotheathleteshortlybeforetheevent.Theextraredbloodcellswilldelivermoreoxygenandotheressentialelementstotheathlete’smuscletissues.

Justlikeanyotherproblemtheonlywaytosolveitisthrougheducation.Manyhighschoolsportsprogramsnowhavepeoplecomeintotalktothemaboutoutthedangersofperformance-enhancingdrugs.Youngplayersmustbefullyclearontherulesandwhatsubstancesarebanned.TheNCAA(NationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation)hasaneasilyaccessiblelistofwhatsubstancesarebannedhowtheyaretestedforandwhytheyarebannedonitswebsite.Thiswayyoungplayersareclearonwhattheycanputintheirbodies.Thisisalsoagoodwaytoeducateplayersonthedangerofthesubstancestheymaybetemptedtouse.

1.Theword“enhancing”inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphmeans“_____”.

A.showing

B.directing

C.upsetting

D.improving

2.Whatcanweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Blooddopingistransferringoneman’sbloodintoanother

B.Onlyblooddopingexistsintheanti-dopingwarinthe1970s.

C.Blooddopingiseasytobefoundandcontrolledbyorga

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　　DDBA本文讲述了在竞技运动中使用兴奋剂的历史以及带来的危害，最后告诉我们教育是解决此类事件的最好办法。1.D猜测词义题。根据Thepracticeofenhancingathletes’performancethroughforeignsubstanceorotherartificialmeanshoweverisasoldascompetitivesportitself可知，通过外来物质或其他人工手段来提高运动员表现是和竞技运动本身一样的历史悠久。故答案为D。2.D推断题。根据第三段Theextraredbloodcellswilldelivermoreoxygenandotheressentialelementstotheathlete’smuscletissues.以及Blooddopingisthepracticeofaddingredbloodcellstothebloodstreaminordertoimproveathletes’performance.可知，答案为D。3.B细节推断题。根据Manyhighschoolsportsprogramsnowhavepeoplecomeintotalktothemaboutoutthedangersofperformance-enhancingdrugs.可知，学校让人来给学生讲关于提高成绩的药物的危害，说明来做讲座的人必定是做兴奋剂研究的专家。4.A判断归纳题。根据Justlikeanyotherproblemtheonlywaytosolveitisthrougheducation.可知，用教育来解决使用兴奋剂是唯一的办法。教育即是预防。说明A是正确的。